{"id":539,"date":"2022-10-05T12:39:45","date_gmt":"2022-10-05T12:39:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modafinil.pl\/sklep\/idra-21-purity-%e2%89%a5-99-1000mg\/"},"modified":"2026-09-30T05:25:07","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T05:25:07","slug":"idra-21-2","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/modafinil.pl\/en\/sklep\/idra-21-2\/","title":{"rendered":"IDRA-21 (CAS 22503-72-6) \u2014 laboratory reagent 1000 mg, purity \u2265 99%"},"content":{"rendered":"

7-chloro-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide<\/strong>, 1000 mg pack, purity \u2265 99%. Material intended exclusively for laboratory and analytical in vitro research<\/strong>. Not for human or animal consumption<\/strong> \u2014 it is not a medicinal product, food supplement, foodstuff or cosmetic.<\/p>\n

Three distinct entities that must not be confused<\/h2>\n

For this molecule, separating the layers matters all the more because the IDRA-21 research programme never led to a registered medicine \u2014 yet more than a dozen preclinical papers exist for it, which are easily misread as a description of the effects of a finished product. Three contexts, three different statuses:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Separating the layers: substance \u2014 medicinal product \u2014 reagent<\/caption>\n
Entity<\/th>\nWhat it is<\/th>\nIDRA-21 status<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Chemical substance
IDRA-21, CAS 22503-72-6<\/th>\n		A chemical concept \u2014 a molecule of defined structure, registered in databases (PubChem CID 3688, ChEMBL CHEMBL3649035).<\/td>\nyes<\/strong> \u2014 this is the only status the molecule actually has<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Medicinal product<\/th>\nA pharmaceutical preparation: pharmaceutical form, strength, GMP regime, registration dossier, safety surveillance.<\/td>\nNO \u2014 in no country.<\/strong> According to the ChEMBL registry, the compound never progressed beyond the preclinical phase (status: Preclinical, max_phase = 0); further work on this class of AMPA modulators concentrated on newer, more potent benzothiadiazine derivatives<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chemical reagent
the material offered here<\/th>\n		Material for laboratory and analytical work.<\/td>\nyes<\/strong> \u2014 and it is offered solely in this capacity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The consequence is unambiguous.<\/strong> The research findings cited further on this page come exclusively from experiments on laboratory animals (rats, monkeys) and from in vitro studies on cell cultures and brain tissue slices<\/strong> \u2014 never from clinical trials in humans, because no such trials have been conducted for this molecule. None of these experiments was carried out using an analytical reagent within the meaning of this offer<\/strong>, and none of these findings carries over to the material sold on this page.<\/p>\n

Reagent identification sheet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Registry data and identifiers \u2014 IDRA-21<\/caption>\n
Systematic name (IUPAC)<\/th>\n7-chloro-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Common name<\/th>\nIDRA-21 (IDRA 21, IDRA21)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS number<\/th>\n22503-72-6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molecular formula<\/th>\nC8<\/sub>H9<\/sub>ClN2<\/sub>O2<\/sub>S<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar mass<\/th>\n232.69 g\u00b7mol\u22121<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Monoisotopic mass<\/th>\n232.0073 Da<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChIKey<\/th>\nVZRNTCHTJRLTMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMILES<\/th>\nCC1NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)S(=O)(=O)N1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PubChem CID<\/th>\n3688<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UNII (FDA)<\/th>\n689UW7PT68<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ChEMBL<\/th>\nCHEMBL3649035<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MDL number<\/th>\nMFCD00270874<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Form<\/th>\nsolid material, sold in weighed portions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Purity<\/th>\n\u2265 99%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Intended use<\/th>\nresearch reagent \u2014 not for human or animal consumption<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Lineage of the molecule: from diazoxide to benzothiadiazine AMPA modulators<\/h2>\n

IDRA-21 derives from the chemistry of diazoxide<\/strong> \u2014 a compound of the benzothiadiazine family long used in entirely different indications. At the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, the team of Erminio Costa and Alessandro Guidotti at the Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (Orangeburg, New York State) investigated whether derivatives of diazoxide and of the related cyclothiazide<\/strong> \u2014 a compound of the same structural family, known as a pharmacological tool in electrophysiology \u2014 could modulate AMPA receptors by inhibiting their rapid desensitisation. The earliest paper in this line, describing the effect of diazoxide and cyclothiazide analogues on AMPA\/kainate receptors in rat hippocampal slices, dates from 1993 [1<\/a>].<\/p>\n

From this line of work, the compound designated IDRA-21 \u2014 the 7-chloro-3-methyl derivative of benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide \u2014 was singled out. The first paper characterising it behaviourally in rats (water maze and passive avoidance tests) described it as 20\u201330 times more potent than aniracetam<\/a><\/strong> in attenuating pharmacologically induced memory impairment [2<\/a>] \u2014 and it is precisely this figure that circulates in parts of the secondary literature as a universal index of potency. It is worth knowing, however, that in a study on patas monkeys from the same period, the advantage over aniracetam was approximately 10-fold, not 20\u201330 [4<\/a>] \u2014 the value depends on the species and the test used; it is not a fixed property of the molecule.<\/p>\n

The term “diazoxide derivative” appears explicitly in the titles of some papers [7<\/a>] and refers to structural lineage, not to the mechanism of action of diazoxide as a drug used clinically in entirely different indications \u2014 neither diazoxide nor cyclothiazide is the subject of this offer.<\/p>\n

Timeline<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Timeline: research on IDRA-21<\/caption>\n
1993<\/th>\nfirst paper on modulation of AMPA\/kainate receptors by diazoxide and cyclothiazide analogues in rat hippocampal slices [1]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1995 (January)<\/th>\nfirst behavioural characterisation of IDRA-21 in rats \u2014 water maze and passive avoidance tests [2]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1995 (August)<\/th>\nfirst resolution of the enantiomers on a dedicated chiral phase \u2014 only the (+) enantiomer proved active [3]; in parallel, a study on patas monkeys [4]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1996<\/th>\nelectrophysiological mechanism: enhancement of synaptic transmission and facilitation of long-term potentiation (LTP) induction in hippocampal slices [5]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1997<\/th>\nin vitro study in cell culture: no neurotoxicity under conditions in which the structurally related cyclothiazide was already strongly neurotoxic [6]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1998<\/th>\nin vivo study: aggravation of hippocampal neuron injury after ischaemia in animals given the compound orally [7]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2000<\/th>\nchiral HPLC method on a cellulose phase, confirmed by circular dichroism spectroscopy [8]; review of diazoxide and cyclothiazide analogues [9]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2002<\/th>\ndevelopment of newer, more potent 5′-alkyl-benzothiadiazide derivatives with IDRA-21 as the lead compound [10][11]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2004<\/th>\nstudy in rhesus monkeys (young and ageing), oral administration \u2014 effect persisting up to 48 hours after a single administration of the compound [12]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2005<\/th>\npreclinical review of the class of positive AMPA modulators [13]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2011<\/th>\nstudy of visual recognition memory in young macaques [14]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
to date<\/th>\nno registered medicinal product in any country; ChEMBL records an exclusively preclinical status (max_phase = 0)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Research centres and why development stalled<\/h2>\n

The IDRA-21 literature has a clear institutional geography \u2014 different from that of bromantane<\/a>, where three centres of the former USSR dominated. Here, the main work was carried out by three independent American teams, each with a different research question.<\/p>\n