{"id":531,"date":"2022-10-02T10:05:50","date_gmt":"2022-10-02T10:05:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modafinil.pl\/sklep\/alpha-gpc-purity-%e2%89%a5-99-weight-1000mg-net\/"},"modified":"2026-09-30T05:25:07","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T05:25:07","slug":"alpha-gpc","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/modafinil.pl\/en\/sklep\/alpha-gpc\/","title":{"rendered":"Alpha GPC (CAS 28319-77-9) \u2014 laboratory reagent 1000 mg, purity \u2265 99%"},"content":{"rendered":"

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate<\/strong> (alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine), hygroscopic powder, 1000 mg pack. Material intended exclusively for laboratory and analytical in vitro research<\/strong>. The product is not intended for human or animal consumption<\/strong>; it is not a medicinal product, foodstuff or cosmetic.<\/p>\n

Three distinct entities that must not be confused<\/h2>\n

For this molecule, separating the layers requires an additional caveat that the other items in our catalogue do not need: alpha-GPC is a compound occurring physiologically in the human body<\/strong> \u2014 as an intermediate in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholine in cell membranes. This invites the reasoning \u201csince the body produces it itself, consuming the pure powder must be safe\u201d. This reasoning is wrong for two independent reasons: the endogenous presence of trace amounts of an intracellular metabolite is not the same as oral administration of a purified compound in chemical form, and the material offered on this page has not undergone any procedure of authorisation for use in humans. The three contexts below have different legal statuses:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Separating the layers: substance \u2014 medicinal product \u2014 reagent<\/caption>\n
Entity<\/th>\nWhat it is<\/th>\nWhat it concerns<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Chemical substance
alpha-GPC, CAS 28319-77-9<\/th>\n		A chemical concept \u2014 a molecule of defined structure, occurring endogenously as a metabolite of phosphatidylcholine. In itself it is neither a medicine nor a reagent; its status is conferred by the form in which it has been manufactured and authorised.<\/td>\nchemistry, biochemistry, substance registries<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Medicinal product
e.g. Gliatilin<\/th>\n		A pharmaceutical preparation: a defined pharmaceutical form and strength, manufacture under a pharmaceutical regime, registration dossier, safety surveillance. Registered in, among other countries, Italy and Russia, and prescribed in some countries in the therapy of cognitive disorders and post-stroke rehabilitation. It is not registered as a medicinal product in Poland.<\/strong><\/td>\nclinical studies involving humans concern this entity<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chemical reagent
material offered here<\/th>\n		Material for laboratory and analytical work. It does not and cannot hold any authorisation for use in humans or animals<\/strong> \u2014 it has no pharmaceutical form and no medicinal product documentation, regardless of the fact that the molecule itself occurs naturally in the body.<\/td>\nanalytics, chemistry, reference standards<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The consequence is unambiguous.<\/strong> The research results cited further on this page were obtained either with the registered medicinal product<\/strong> (clinical studies involving humans), or in animal and cell models under controlled experimental conditions<\/strong> (preclinical studies), or by an observational method using insurance data from a population already treated with the registered preparation<\/strong> (pharmacoepidemiology). None of these studies was conducted with an analytical reagent<\/strong>, and none of these results transfers to the material offered.<\/p>\n

Reagent identification sheet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Registry data and identifiers \u2014 alpha-GPC<\/caption>\n
Systematic name (IUPAC)<\/th>\n(2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Common name<\/th>\nalpha-GPC (alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, choline alfoscerate)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS number<\/th>\n28319-77-9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molecular formula<\/th>\nC8<\/sub>H20<\/sub>NO6<\/sub>P<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar mass<\/th>\n257.22 g\u00b7mol\u22121<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Monoisotopic mass<\/th>\n257.1028 Da<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChIKey<\/th>\nSUHOQUVVVLNYQR-MRVPVSSYSA-N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMILES<\/th>\nC[N+](C)(C)CCOP(=O)([O-])OC[C@@H](CO)O<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PubChem CID<\/th>\n657272<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ChEMBL<\/th>\nCHEMBL5739928<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Form<\/th>\npowder, white to pale yellow, strongly hygroscopic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Purity<\/th>\n\u2265 99%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Intended use<\/th>\nresearch reagent \u2014 not for human or animal consumption<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Lineage of the molecule: from renal osmolyte to neurological medicine in three countries<\/h2>\n

Alpha-GPC differs from the other items in our catalogue in one fundamental respect: it was not synthesised from scratch as a new pharmacological molecule. It is a natural intermediate in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholine<\/strong> \u2014 the main phospholipid of cell membranes \u2014 formed by the action of phospholipases and further converted by a specific phosphodiesterase into glycerophosphate and free choline. Early biochemical work from the 1970s described the distribution of this phosphodiesterase in the rat brain [1<\/a>] and the pathway by which choline formed from ethanolamine in the brain is incorporated into phospholipid metabolism [2<\/a>], and the work of Jope and Jenden linked this metabolism directly to the synthesis of acetylcholine [3<\/a>].<\/p>\n

An osmolyte before it became a medicine<\/h3>\n

Before the molecule reached clinical pharmacology, renal physiologists described it as one of the main organic osmolytes of the renal medulla<\/strong> \u2014 a compound that renal tubular cells accumulate to protect themselves against osmotic damage under conditions of highly concentrated urine. The review by Garcia-Perez and Burg in Physiological Reviews<\/em> summarised this mechanism [4<\/a>], and earlier work confirmed accumulation of the compound in animals subjected to salt loading [5<\/a>]. Independently, it was described as a natural component of rodent milk [6<\/a>], and disturbances of its synthesis were described in a model of muscular dystrophy [7<\/a>] \u2014 evidence that the molecule has a biochemical role extending beyond a single application.<\/p>\n

From renal biochemistry to a pharmaceutical preparation<\/h3>\n

Pharmaceutical-grade material is obtained industrially from soy or egg lecithin by controlled deacylation of phosphatidylcholine \u2014 a review of preparation techniques and applications was published in 2025 [8<\/a>]. On this basis a pharmaceutical preparation was developed and registered in, among other countries, Italy and Russia under a trade name reserved for the registered medicinal product (see the table \u201cThree distinct entities\u201d above), tested clinically since the early 1990s \u2014 the first multicentre comparative study in patients with vascular dementia was published in 1991 [9<\/a>].<\/p>\n

Timeline<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Timeline: from cell membrane biochemistry to pharmacoepidemiology<\/caption>\n
1970s<\/th>\ndescription of the phosphodiesterase that breaks down alpha-GPC in the brain and of the pathway of choline synthesis from ethanolamine [1<\/a>][2<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1985<\/th>\ndescription of impaired synthesis of the compound in a mouse model of muscular dystrophy [7<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
late 1980s\/1991<\/th>\nidentification as a major organic osmolyte of the renal medulla [4<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1991<\/th>\nfirst multicentre clinical study with the registered medicinal product<\/strong> in patients with vascular dementia [9<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1990s<\/th>\nregistration of the pharmaceutical preparation in Italy and Russia under a proprietary trade name (see the table \u201cThree distinct entities\u201d above); a series of studies by the Camerino group on structural brain changes in ageing animals [10<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2001<\/th>\ncomprehensive review of published clinical data [11<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2003<\/th>\nmulticentre RCT in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease [12<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2013<\/th>\nRussian clinical publication on the use of the registered preparation (see the table \u201cThree distinct entities\u201d above) in patients after ischaemic stroke [13<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2021<\/th>\n10-year Korean epidemiological study linking use of the preparation with stroke risk, based on insurance data [14<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2023<\/th>\nsystematic review and meta-analysis of choline-containing phospholipids in stroke therapy [15<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2024\u20132025<\/th>\nfurther Korean observational studies using national health insurance data [16<\/a>][17<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Three lines of research that built the literature<\/h2>\n

The literature on alpha-GPC has an unusual, three-layered character \u2014 different from the other items in our catalogue, where research clustered around a single centre. Here there are three separate disciplines, pursued independently of one another:<\/p>\n