{"id":530,"date":"2022-09-27T05:31:48","date_gmt":"2022-09-27T05:31:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modafinil.pl\/sklep\/sunifiram-pure-chemical-%e2%89%a5-99-1000mg\/"},"modified":"2026-10-03T04:11:55","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T04:11:55","slug":"sunifiram-2","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/modafinil.pl\/en\/sklep\/sunifiram-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Sunifiram (CAS 314728-85-3) \u2014 laboratory reagent 1000 mg, purity \u2265 99%"},"content":{"rendered":"

1-(4-benzoylpiperazin-1-yl)propan-1-one<\/strong>, crystalline powder, 1000 mg pack. Material intended exclusively for laboratory and analytical in vitro research<\/strong>. The product is not intended for human or animal consumption<\/strong>; it is not a medicinal product, food supplement, foodstuff or cosmetic.<\/p>\n

Three distinct entities that must not be confused<\/h2>\n

For this molecule the separation of layers is often overlooked, because many imprecise descriptions of this substance circulate on the internet. Yet the same chemical name functions in three entirely different contexts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Separating the layers: substance \u2014 medicinal product \u2014 reagent<\/caption>\n
Entity<\/th>\nWhat it is<\/th>\nStatus of sunifiram<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Chemical substance
sunifiram, CAS 314728-85-3<\/th>\n		A chemical concept \u2014 a molecule of defined structure, registered in the PubChem and ChEMBL databases.<\/td>\nyes<\/strong> \u2014 this is the only status this molecule actually has<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Medicinal product<\/th>\nA pharmaceutical preparation: a defined pharmaceutical form and strength, manufacture under GMP, registration dossier, safety surveillance.<\/td>\nNO \u2014 in any country.<\/strong> The ChEMBL registry (CHEMBL3663392) records clinical development phase 0 \u2014 \u201cPreclinical\u201d<\/strong> for sunifiram: the compound never entered clinical studies involving humans and was never registered as a medicine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chemical reagent
material offered here<\/th>\n		Material for laboratory and analytical work. It does not and cannot hold any authorisation for use in humans or animals.<\/strong><\/td>\nyes<\/strong> \u2014 and it is offered exclusively in this capacity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

As with flmodafinil<\/a>, there is nothing here to confuse with a medicine, because no medicine exists \u2014 no form of sunifiram has been authorised anywhere for use in humans. Unlike flmodafinil, however, sunifiram has a noticeably larger body of literature: a dozen or so chemical and pharmacological papers, almost exclusively preclinical<\/strong> \u2014 concerning the synthesis of analogues and studies in laboratory animals, not in humans. None of the papers cited below was conducted with an analytical reagent<\/strong> such as the material offered here, and the results of rodent studies do not transfer to the product sold in this shop.<\/p>\n

Reagent identification sheet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Registry data and identifiers \u2014 sunifiram<\/caption>\n
Systematic name (IUPAC)<\/th>\n1-(4-benzoylpiperazin-1-yl)propan-1-one<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Common name<\/th>\nsunifiram<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Development code<\/th>\nDM-235 (DM235)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS number<\/th>\n314728-85-3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molecular formula<\/th>\nC14<\/sub>H18<\/sub>N2<\/sub>O2<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar mass<\/th>\n246.30 g\u00b7mol\u22121<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Monoisotopic mass<\/th>\n246.1368 Da<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChIKey<\/th>\nDGOWDUFJCINDGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMILES<\/th>\nCCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PubChem CID<\/th>\n4223812<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UNII (FDA)<\/th>\n66924E735K<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ChEMBL<\/th>\nCHEMBL3663392<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MDL number<\/th>\nMFCD04112755<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Form<\/th>\ncrystalline powder, white to off-white<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Purity<\/th>\n\u2265 99%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Intended use<\/th>\nresearch reagent \u2014 not for human or animal consumption<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Lineage of the molecule: simplifying a bicyclic skeleton to piperazine<\/h2>\n

Sunifiram is not a derivative of the classical racetams, even though it is sometimes confused with them in informal compilations. Piracetam<\/a> and the whole racetam family are substituted 2-pyrrolidone rings; sunifiram has an entirely different core \u2014 a substituted piperazine<\/strong>, a six-membered ring with two nitrogen atoms, one of which carries a propanoyl group and the other a benzoyl group.<\/p>\n

Where the piperazine came from in place of the bicyclic skeleton<\/h3>\n

Work on this family of compounds was carried out at the University of Florence, in a team including, among others, the researchers Ghelardini, Gualtieri, Manetti and Romanelli \u2014 engaged since the 1990s in the synthesis and pharmacology of compounds referred to in the paper titles as \u201ccognition-enhancers\u201d. The starting point was bicyclic diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonanones; systematic simplification of this skeleton to a single piperazine ring led to two closely related molecules \u2014 DM-232 (unifiram)<\/strong> and DM-235 (sunifiram)<\/strong> \u2014 differing in the length of the acyl chain on one of the nitrogen atoms.<\/p>\n

The piperazine family: a decade of work on analogues<\/h3>\n

Since the first publications devoted to the simplified piperazine derivatives, a series of papers has designed and tested successive analogues: new piperidine and piperazine derivatives with altered acyl chain length [1<\/a>], analogues derived directly from DM-232 and DM-235 [2<\/a>], analogues of sunifiram and the related compound sapunifiram [3<\/a>], the influence of ring size compared with the analogue designated MN19 [4<\/a>], and substituted phenylpiperazines structurally related to DM-235 [6<\/a>]. The common denominator of these papers is sunifiram itself \u2014 not as the subject of study, but as the reference compound<\/strong> against which the activity of newly designed analogues was compared.<\/p>\n

Caveat applying to the whole section above.<\/strong> It describes the history of chemical and pharmacological work conducted in laboratory animals and in vitro. This is not a description of the properties of the material offered<\/strong>, it does not constitute information on its use and cannot serve as a basis for any use outside the laboratory. The reagent offered is not a medicinal product and must not be used in humans or animals.<\/p>\n

Research context: sunifiram in its own right, not only as a reference point for analogues<\/h2>\n

Of the papers indexed in PubMed under the terms sunifiram\/DM-235 that do not overlap with the bibliography cited for the same substance by another shop, only one concerns sunifiram itself administered to animals, rather than its analogues. In 2013 Moriguchi et al. described the effect of sunifiram administration on cognitive deficits in mice after olfactory bulbectomy \u2014 a procedure used as an animal model of mood disorders \u2014 linking the observed effect to activation of CaM kinase II and protein kinase C [5<\/a>]. This is a preclinical study conducted in laboratory mice, not a clinical study involving humans<\/strong>, and it was not conducted with an analytical reagent. It does not transfer to the reagent offered here and does not constitute information on its action.<\/p>\n

Timeline<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Timeline: literature on sunifiram not overlapping with competitors’ bibliography<\/caption>\n
turn of the 1990s\/2000s<\/th>\nsimplification of bicyclic diazabicyclononanones to piperazine derivatives at the University of Florence; DM-232 (unifiram) and DM-235 (sunifiram) are created<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2008 (February)<\/th>\nnew piperidine and piperazine derivatives as cognition-enhancers [1<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2008 (December)<\/th>\nanalogues of DM-232\/DM-235 as cognition modulators [2<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2009<\/th>\nanalogues of sunifiram and sapunifiram [3<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2012<\/th>\ninfluence of ring size \u2014 DM-235 versus MN19 [4<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2013<\/th>\nthe only animal study using sunifiram itself \u2014 mouse olfactory bulbectomy model [5<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2015<\/th>\nsubstituted phenylpiperazines related to DM-235 [6<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Chemistry: a substituted piperazine without a stereogenic centre<\/h2>\n

Why sunifiram has no enantiomers<\/h3>\n

Unlike modafinil<\/a>, where the sulfur atom of the sulfoxide group forms a stereogenic centre and necessitates the existence of two enantiomers, sunifiram has no atom bearing four different substituents<\/strong>. The piperazine core is symmetrical, and both nitrogen atoms are fully substituted with acyl groups \u2014 propanoyl on one side, benzoyl on the other \u2014 with no free N\u2013H bond. The reagent therefore requires neither enantiomer separation nor a declaration of the R\/S ratio, which simplifies reference standard qualification compared with modafinil or flmodafinil<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Physicochemical characteristics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Computed descriptors and their analytical significance<\/caption>\n
Parameter<\/th>\nValue<\/th>\nWhat follows from it<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Partition coefficient (XLogP)<\/th>\n\u2248 1.1<\/td>\nmoderate lipophilicity \u2014 elutes in the middle part of an RP-HPLC gradient, close to the profile of modafinil (\u2248 1.3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Topological polar surface area<\/th>\n40.6 \u00c52<\/sup><\/td>\nboth carbonyl groups counted as acceptors; lower than for modafinil (71.7 \u00c52<\/sup>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hydrogen bond donors<\/th>\n0<\/td>\nboth nitrogen atoms are fully substituted (tertiary amides) \u2014 no N\u2013H bond<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hydrogen bond acceptors<\/th>\n2<\/td>\ntwo carbonyl oxygens of the amide groups<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rotatable bonds<\/th>\n2<\/td>\nconformational freedom limited to the exocyclic bonds of the propanoyl chain and the phenyl ring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Solubility<\/th>\ngood in DMSO, methanol and other organic solvents; poor in water<\/td>\nprepare stock solutions in an organic solvent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The LOPAC1280 library as confirmation of research-material status<\/h3>\n

Sunifiram appears in chemical registries under additional catalogue identifiers \u2014 Lopac0_000340 and Lopac-D-5689 \u2014 indicating its presence in the LOPAC1280<\/strong> library (Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds), a collection of reference compounds used in in vitro pharmacological screening assays. This fact alone confirms the nature of the material: the compound circulates in science as a reagent for screening assays<\/strong>, not as a product intended for consumption.<\/p>\n

Nomenclature and synonyms<\/h2>\n

Several names are in use for the same molecule with CAS number 314728-85-3:<\/p>\n