{"id":524,"date":"2022-10-05T08:14:15","date_gmt":"2022-10-05T06:14:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modafinil.pl\/sklep\/pramiracetam-purity-of-substance-%e2%89%a5-99-1000mg\/"},"modified":"2026-09-30T07:25:07","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T05:25:07","slug":"pramiracetam-purity-of-substance-%e2%89%a5-99-1000mg","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/modafinil.pl\/en\/sklep\/pramiracetam-purity-of-substance-%e2%89%a5-99-1000mg\/","title":{"rendered":"Pramiracetam (CAS 68497-62-1) \u2014 laboratory reagent 1000 mg, purity \u2265 99%"},"content":{"rendered":"

N-{2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide<\/strong>, crystalline powder, 1000 mg pack. Material intended exclusively for laboratory and analytical in vitro research<\/strong>. The product is not intended for human or animal consumption<\/strong>; it is not a medicinal product, food supplement, foodstuff or cosmetic.<\/p>\n

Three distinct entities that must not be confused<\/h2>\n

For this molecule, separating the layers is as important as it is for modafinil, because pramiracetam was at one time registered as a medicinal product \u2014 in another country, in another form and under a different supervisory regime than the material offered here. Three contexts, three different legal statuses:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Separating the layers: substance \u2014 medicinal product \u2014 reagent<\/caption>\n
Entity<\/th>\nWhat it is<\/th>\nWhat it concerns<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Chemical substance
pramiracetam, CAS 68497-62-1<\/th>\n		A chemical concept \u2014 a molecule of defined structure from the racetam family. In itself it is neither a medicine nor a reagent; its status is conferred only by the form in which it has been manufactured and authorised.<\/td>\nchemistry, substance registries<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Medicinal product
historical registration, Europe<\/th>\n		A pharmaceutical preparation: a defined pharmaceutical form and strength, manufacture under a pharmaceutical regime, registration dossier, safety surveillance.<\/td>\nclinical studies involving humans concern this entity<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chemical reagent
material offered here<\/th>\n		Material for laboratory and analytical work. It does not and cannot hold any authorisation for use in humans or animals<\/strong> \u2014 it has no pharmaceutical form and no medicinal product documentation.<\/td>\nanalytics, chemistry, reference standards<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The consequence is unambiguous.<\/strong> The research results cited further on this page were obtained either with the registered medicinal product<\/strong> (a clinical study in Alzheimer’s disease and clinical studies concerning cerebral circulatory disorders and the sequelae of head injury), or with the substance administered to laboratory animals under controlled experimental conditions<\/strong> (preclinical studies \u2014 rats, dogs). None of these studies was conducted with an analytical reagent<\/strong>, and none of these results transfers to the material offered. The reagent is not a form in which the substance was ever studied in humans, and it cannot be used in such a way.<\/p>\n

Reagent identification sheet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Registry data and identifiers \u2014 pramiracetam<\/caption>\n
Systematic name (IUPAC)<\/th>\nN-{2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Common name<\/th>\npramiracetam (INN)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Development code<\/th>\nCI-879<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS number<\/th>\n68497-62-1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molecular formula<\/th>\nC14<\/sub>H27<\/sub>N3<\/sub>O2<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar mass<\/th>\n269.38 g\u00b7mol\u22121<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Monoisotopic mass<\/th>\n269.2103 Da<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChIKey<\/th>\nZULJGOSFKWFVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMILES<\/th>\nCC(C)N(CCNC(=O)CN1CCCC1=O)C(C)C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PubChem CID<\/th>\n51712<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ChEMBL<\/th>\nCHEMBL3659230<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ATC code (WHO)<\/th>\nN06BX16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Form<\/th>\ncrystalline powder, white to off-white<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Purity<\/th>\n\u2265 99%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Intended use<\/th>\nresearch reagent \u2014 not for human or animal consumption<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Lineage of the molecule: the racetam family and the path from CI-879 to clinical studies<\/h2>\n

Pramiracetam is not a random molecule designed from scratch. It belongs to the racetam<\/strong> family \u2014 derivatives of 2-pyrrolidone (the lactam of 4-aminobutyric acid), whose first and simplest member is piracetam. The common element of the whole family is the 2-oxopyrrolidine<\/strong> ring linked through an acetamide group; the differences between individual members of the family come down to what is substituted on the amide nitrogen.<\/p>\n

From a simple amide to an extended amine chain<\/h3>\n

In piracetam this amide nitrogen carries only two hydrogen atoms. In pramiracetam they were replaced by an extended 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl<\/strong> chain \u2014 a modification developed in the laboratories of Parke-Davis<\/strong> in the late 1970s under the development code CI-879<\/strong>. This seemingly small change has a significant physicochemical consequence: piracetam is a strongly hydrophilic molecule, whereas pramiracetam is substantially more lipophilic (see the Chemistry section), which translates directly into the chromatographic behaviour of the two compounds.<\/p>\n

Patent, clinical studies and a change in development direction<\/h3>\n

The patent rights to pramiracetam expired in 1996. Before that, the company, by then transformed into Warner-Lambert, funded an evaluation of the molecule in Alzheimer’s disease \u2014 a controlled study involving ten patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease was conducted at the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) in Bethesda, in a two-phase design with a placebo group [1<\/a>]. The results of the replication phase proved inconclusive, which led to further development of the molecule in this indication being suspended.<\/p>\n

The subsequent history of the molecule took a different direction: the rights to it were acquired by Cambridge Neuroscience, Inc. (CNI)<\/strong>, which investigated the use of pramiracetam as an adjunct to electroconvulsive therapy and in the restoration of cognitive function after stroke and physical brain injury. On a separate track, after the preparation had been registered in Europe, small clinical studies were carried out in Ukraine with the registered medicinal product \u2014 one in patients with chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency [2<\/a>], the other in patients with mild traumatic brain injury [3<\/a>].<\/p>\n

The molecule was also at one time registered as a medicinal product in Europe (see the table above) and \u2014 according to archival records of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) \u2014 held orphan drug designation in the United States, without full marketing authorisation in that country.<\/p>\n

Timeline<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Timeline: origin and development of research on the molecule<\/caption>\n
late 1970s<\/th>\nsynthesis under the development code CI-879 in the Parke-Davis laboratories; isolation of pramiracetam as a piracetam derivative with an extended amine chain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1980s<\/th>\nfirst pharmacological and behavioural work in laboratory animals [4<\/a>][5<\/a>][6<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1991<\/th>\ncontrolled clinical study in Alzheimer’s disease, NINDS, Bethesda [1<\/a>]; study of the mechanism of choline transport across the blood-brain barrier [7<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1996<\/th>\nexpiry of patent protection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1999<\/th>\npharmacokinetic study in animals (dog, rat) by HPLC [8<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2003<\/th>\nclinical study in patients with chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency, Ukraine [2<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2007<\/th>\nclinical study in patients with mild traumatic brain injury, Ukraine [3<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2012\u20132014<\/th>\nstudies of the antiplatelet mechanism in an alloxan-induced diabetes model in rats, research centre in Dnipro [9<\/a>][10<\/a>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Research centres and context<\/h2>\n

The literature on pramiracetam was produced at several independent centres over a span of almost forty years, without a single dominant research group.<\/p>\n