{"id":3907,"date":"2025-09-02T01:50:48","date_gmt":"2025-09-01T23:50:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modafinil.pl\/?post_type=product&p=3907"},"modified":"2026-10-06T13:02:08","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T11:02:08","slug":"slu-pp-332-research-solution-18-mg-18-ml-in-dmso","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/modafinil.pl\/en\/sklep\/slu-pp-332-research-solution-18-mg-18-ml-in-dmso\/","title":{"rendered":"SLU-PP-332 \u2014 Research Solution 18 mg\/18 ml in DMSO (1 mg\/ml), Purity > 98%"},"content":{"rendered":"

(E)-4-hydroxy-N’-(naphthalen-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide<\/strong> (SLU-PP-332), solution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 18 mg\/18 ml (1.0 mg\/ml). Material intended exclusively for in vitro laboratory and analytical research and for use in animal models<\/strong>. The product is not intended for human or animal consumption<\/strong>, is not a medicinal product, dietary supplement, food, or cosmetic.<\/p>\n

The Thing That Needs to Be Said Up Front<\/h2>\n

SLU-PP-332 is a very young compound by the standards of this catalog. The first paper describing its discovery appeared in 2023 [1], and the literature has since been growing at a rate of several publications per year \u2014 the most recent of the papers used here date from 2026 [7][8][9]. This is the opposite situation to flmodafinil<\/a>: there, the literature practically does not exist; here it does exist, but covers only the last three years and only preclinical models.<\/p>\n

None of the cited papers describes administration of this compound to a living human being.<\/strong> The data come from studies in mice, from cell lines, and \u2014 in one case \u2014 from primary muscle cells isolated from human female donors and treated with the compound outside the body, under in vitro culture conditions [5]. This distinction is the subject of the next section.<\/p>\n

Three Different Entities That Must Not Be Confused<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Separating the layers: substance \u2014 medicinal product \u2014 reagent<\/caption>\n
Entity<\/th>\nWhat it is<\/th>\nStatus of SLU-PP-332<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Chemical substance
CAS 303760-60-3<\/th>\n		A chemical concept \u2014 a molecule with a defined structure, registered in PubChem (CID 5338394) and ChEMBL (CHEMBL4208749).<\/td>\nyes<\/strong> \u2014 this is the only status the molecule actually has<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Medicinal product<\/th>\nA pharmaceutical preparation: a defined pharmaceutical form, manufacturing under GMP, registration documentation, safety oversight.<\/td>\nNO \u2014 in any country.<\/strong> The authors of the source papers disclosed affiliations with biotechnology companies developing ERR-based therapeutics [1][9] \u2014 this is a signal of early commercial interest, not of the existence of a registered drug or of impending registration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chemical reagent
the material offered here<\/th>\n		A solution for laboratory and analytical work, in DMSO.<\/td>\nyes<\/strong> \u2014 and it is offered exclusively in this capacity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The consequence is unambiguous.<\/strong> The study results cited on this page were obtained exclusively in laboratory animals under preclinical experimental conditions and in in vitro cell cultures<\/strong> \u2014 including primary myoblasts isolated from human muscle tissue, where the compound was added directly to the culture medium rather than administered to the donor [5]. None of these studies involved administering SLU-PP-332 to a living human being<\/strong>, and none of these results carry over to the offered material. The reagent is not the form in which the compound has ever been tested in humans, and it must not be used in that way.<\/p>\n

Reagent Identification Card<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Registry data and identifiers \u2014 SLU-PP-332<\/caption>\n
Systematic name (IUPAC, PubChem)<\/th>\n4-hydroxy-N-[(E)-naphthalen-2-ylmethylideneamino]benzamide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Equivalent name (benzohydrazide)<\/th>\n(E)-4-hydroxy-N’-(naphthalen-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Common name \/ development code<\/th>\nSLU-PP-332<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS number<\/th>\n303760-60-3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molecular formula<\/th>\nC18<\/sub>H14<\/sub>N2<\/sub>O2<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar mass<\/th>\n290.3 g\u00b7mol\u22121<\/sup> (monoisotopic mass 290.1055 Da)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChIKey<\/th>\nRNZIMBFHRXYRLL-XDHOZWIPSA-N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMILES<\/th>\nC1=CC=C2C=C(C=CC2=C1)\/C=N\/NC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PubChem CID<\/th>\n5338394<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ChEMBL<\/th>\nCHEMBL4208749<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Structural class<\/th>\nbenzoic acid hydrazone (aroylhydrazone) \u2014 small-molecule compound, not a peptide<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Form supplied<\/th>\nclear to slightly yellow solution in DMSO, 18 mg\/18 ml (1.0 mg\/ml)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Purity of base substance<\/th>\n\u2265 98% (manufacturer’s declaration)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Intended use<\/th>\nresearch reagent \u2014 not for human or animal consumption<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The Molecule’s Lineage: From Rational Design to Two Generations of ERR Agonists<\/h2>\n

Why Such a Molecule Was Designed in the First Place<\/h3>\n

The starting point was a pharmacological problem: the nuclear ERR receptors (estrogen-related receptors, \u03b1\/\u03b2\/\u03b3) are orphan receptors that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and the energy metabolism of skeletal muscle, but for years there was a lack of synthetic agonists capable of effectively targeting them in vivo<\/em> \u2014 especially the ERR\u03b1 subtype, for which agonist design proved particularly difficult [1]. A team from Saint Louis University and Washington University in St. Louis described SLU-PP-332 in 2023 as the first synthetic pan-ERR agonist with sufficient pharmacokinetic properties to serve as an in vivo<\/em> research tool [1]. The next compound in the same family, SLU-PP-915, was designed using structure-based design as a structurally distinct pan-ERR agonist [2], characterized in detail only in 2026 as the first of the pair to show oral bioavailability [6].<\/p>\n

The SLU Code \u2014 Where the Name Comes From<\/h3>\n

The prefix “SLU” in the code name reflects the affiliation of the team that discovered the compound \u2014 Saint Louis University, where part of the chemical and pharmacological work was carried out, in collaboration with Washington University School of Medicine, the University of Florida Genetics Institute, and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies [1]. The number in the code corresponds to the compound’s position in the laboratory’s internal synthetic series; it is not a registry number or a CAS number.<\/p>\n

Timeline<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Timeline: from research project to two generations of ERR agonists<\/caption>\n
March 2023<\/th>\nidentification of SLU-PP-332 as a synthetic pan-ERR agonist; first data on exercise capacity in mice [1]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
September 2023<\/th>\nstudy of the role of ERR receptors in the aging kidney, using SLU-PP-332 in 21-month-old mice [4]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
November 2023 \/ January 2024<\/th>\ndemonstration of cardioprotective effects in a mouse model of heart failure; introduction into the literature of the second compound, SLU-PP-915 [2]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
January 2024<\/th>\nstudy in mouse models of obesity and metabolic syndrome (diet-induced obese and ob\/ob mice) [3]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
July 2025<\/th>\npilot study on primary myoblasts from muscle biopsies of 20 women \u2014 the only data derived from human tissue, obtained under in vitro culture conditions [5]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
January 2026<\/th>\nfull characterization of the orally bioavailable analog SLU-PP-915 [6]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
February 2026<\/th>\nfirst systematic review devoted to pharmacological ERR activation as an exercise mimetic [10]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
March 2026<\/th>\nidentification of SLU-PP-332 metabolites by LC-MS\/HRMS for doping-control purposes \u2014 UCLA Olympic Analytical Laboratory [7]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
April 2026<\/th>\nsecond, independent doping-control analytical paper (German Sport University Cologne) [8] and the first systematic structure\u2013activity relationship (SAR) analysis of the SLU-PP-332 scaffold [9]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The ERR Receptor and What the Preclinical Studies Showed<\/h2>\n

All of the results below come from studies in laboratory animals or from in vitro<\/em> cell cultures, and we describe them in the past tense \u2014 as what was observed in a specific experiment<\/strong>, not as a property that the compound “has” in a general sense, let alone a human one.<\/p>\n

In the discovery paper, administering SLU-PP-332 to mice for eight weeks increased the proportion of oxidative type IIa muscle fibers and treadmill exercise capacity; in a skeletal muscle cell line, the compound increased mitochondrial function and cellular respiration [1]. In mouse models of obesity (diet-induced obese and ob\/ob), eight weeks of administration increased energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation, reduced fat mass gain, and improved insulin sensitivity [3]. In a mouse model of pressure-overload-induced heart failure, both SLU-PP-332 and SLU-PP-915 improved ejection fraction, reduced fibrosis, and increased survival, with genetic dependency analysis identifying ERR\u03b3 as the main mediator of this effect [2]. In 21-month-old mice, eight weeks of administration reversed some of the changes associated with kidney aging: proteinuria, podocyte loss, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory markers [4].<\/p>\n

The experiment closest to human tissue involved primary myoblasts isolated from muscle biopsies of 20 women (10 physically active, 10 inactive) who had undergone hip arthroplasty. Cells from the inactive donors, cultured in vitro<\/em> and exposed to SLU-PP-332, showed reduced NOX4 expression and increased SIRT1, PGC-1\u03b1, ERR\u03b1, and FNDC5, a decrease in oxidative stress and cellular senescence markers, and increased myotube formation [5]. This is a study on cells of human origin \u2014 not a clinical study in the sense of administering the compound to a human being<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Chemistry: A Hydrazone Bond Instead of Peptide Bonds<\/h2>\n

Why E Geometry, Not a Stereogenic Center, Defines This Molecule<\/h3>\n

SLU-PP-332 is an aroylhydrazone: a 4-hydroxyphenyl ring connected via a carbonyl group to a nitrogen atom, which is further connected by an N\u2013N bond to a second nitrogen atom forming a C=N double bond with the naphthalene ring. The molecule does not contain an atom with four different substituents and has no stereogenic center \u2014 unlike modafinil<\/a>, where stereogenicity arises from the sulfur atom in the sulfoxide group. The only possible isomerism here is the geometry of the C=N double bond: the material supplied is the fully characterized (E)<\/strong> isomer, consistent with the SMILES notation and the systematic name in the PubChem registries.<\/p>\n

What Follows from the Susceptibility of the Hydrazone Bond to Hydrolysis<\/h3>\n

Hydrazone bonds (C=N\u2013NH\u2013C=O) can be sensitive to hydrolysis in strongly acidic or strongly basic aqueous environments, breaking back down into the aldehyde and hydrazide from which they were formed. This has direct practical significance: it is why we offer the material as a ready-made solution in anhydrous DMSO rather than in aqueous form \u2014 and for the same reason, a stock solution prepared from powder should likewise be made in an organic solvent, not in water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Computed descriptors and their analytical significance<\/caption>\n
Parameter<\/th>\nValue<\/th>\nWhat this means<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Partition coefficient (XLogP)<\/th>\n3.7<\/td>\nmoderately high lipophilicity \u2014 the compound elutes in the later part of the RP-HPLC gradient<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Topological polar surface area (TPSA)<\/th>\n61.7 \u00c52<\/sup><\/td>\nmoderate \u2014 the phenolic and hydrazone groups are the main source of polarity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hydrogen bond donors<\/th>\n2<\/td>\nthe phenolic group (Ar\u2013OH) and the hydrazide N\u2013H<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hydrogen bond acceptors<\/th>\n3<\/td>\ncarbonyl oxygen, phenolic oxygen, imine nitrogen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rotatable bonds<\/th>\n3<\/td>\nmoderate rigidity of the scaffold \u2014 two aromatic systems joined by a short linker<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Heavy atoms<\/th>\n22<\/td>\nsmall molecule \u2014 molar mass 290.3 g\/mol, outside the range typical for peptides<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Solubility<\/th>\ngood in DMSO and organic solvents; poor in water<\/td>\nprepare stock solutions in anhydrous solvent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Composition, Form, and Packaging of the Solution<\/h2>\n