{"id":3897,"date":"2022-10-02T16:30:45","date_gmt":"2022-10-02T16:30:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modafinil.pl\/?post_type=product&p=3897"},"modified":"2026-10-03T05:28:10","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T05:28:10","slug":"aniracetam","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/modafinil.pl\/en\/sklep\/aniracetam\/","title":{"rendered":"Aniracetam (CAS 72432-10-1) \u2014 Chemical Reagent 1000 mg, Purity \u2265 99%"},"content":{"rendered":"

1-(4-Methoxybenzoyl)pyrrolidin-2-one<\/strong>, crystalline powder, 1000 mg package. Material intended solely for laboratory and analytical research in vitro<\/strong>. The product is not intended for consumption by humans or animals<\/strong>, is not a medicinal product, dietary supplement, foodstuff, or cosmetic.<\/p>\n

Three Different Entities That Must Not Be Confused<\/h2>\n

For this molecule, separating the layers is just as important as for any other item in our catalog belonging to the racetam family, because the same chemical name is simultaneously associated with pharmaceutical preparations registered outside Poland<\/strong>. Three contexts, three completely different statuses:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Separating the layers: substance \u2014 medicinal product \u2014 reagent<\/caption>\n
Entity<\/th>\nWhat it is<\/th>\nWhat it concerns<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Chemical substance
aniracetam, CAS 72432-10-1<\/th>\n		A chemical concept \u2014 a molecule with a defined structure from the pyrrolidinone (racetam) family. In itself it is neither a drug nor a reagent; its status is conferred by the form in which it was manufactured and approved.<\/td>\nchemistry, substance registries<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Medicinal product
including Draganon, Sarpul, Ampamet, Memodrin, Referan<\/th>\n		Pharmaceutical preparations sold under these trade names in selected countries outside Poland and the United States: a defined pharmaceutical form, manufacturing under pharmaceutical regime, registration documentation, safety oversight.<\/td>\nthis entity was the subject of clinical trials involving humans<\/strong> [5][8][13][14]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chemical reagent
the material offered here<\/th>\n		Material for laboratory and analytical work. It does not have, and cannot have, approval for use in humans or animals<\/strong> \u2014 it has no pharmaceutical form or medicinal product documentation.<\/td>\nanalytics, chemistry, reference standards<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The consequence is unambiguous.<\/strong> The study results cited further on this page were obtained either using a registered medicinal product<\/strong> (clinical trials involving humans), or using the substance administered to laboratory animals or tested on in vitro preparations under controlled experimental conditions<\/strong> (preclinical studies). None of these studies was conducted using an analytical reagent<\/strong>, and none of these results transfers to the offered material. The reagent is not the form in which the substance was ever studied in humans, and cannot be used in that way.<\/p>\n

Reagent Identification Card<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Registry data and identifiers \u2014 aniracetam<\/caption>\n
Systematic name (IUPAC)<\/th>\n1-(4-methoxybenzoyl)pyrrolidin-2-one<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Common name<\/th>\naniracetam (aniracetamum)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Development code<\/th>\nRo 13-5057<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS number<\/th>\n72432-10-1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molecular formula<\/th>\nC12<\/sub>H13<\/sub>NO3<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar mass<\/th>\n219.24 g\u00b7mol\u22121<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Monoisotopic mass<\/th>\n219.0895 Da<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChIKey<\/th>\nZXNRTKGTQJPIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMILES<\/th>\nCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)N2CCCC2=O<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PubChem CID<\/th>\n2196<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ChEMBL<\/th>\nCHEMBL561371<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ATC code (WHO)<\/th>\nN06BX11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GHS classification (PubChem data)<\/th>\nGHS08 pictogram, signal word Warning<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Physical form<\/th>\ncrystalline powder, white to off-white<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Purity<\/th>\n\u2265 99%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Intended use<\/th>\nresearch reagent \u2014 not for human or animal consumption<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Molecular Lineage: Second-Generation Racetams<\/h2>\n

Aniracetam is not the first representative of its family. The core from which the entire class of racetams<\/strong> derives is the pyrrolidin-2-one<\/strong> ring \u2014 the same structural fragment that first entered pharmaceutical practice in the form of piracetam, the earliest and most extensively described member of the group. Aniracetam differs from this simple scaffold by substitution at the nitrogen atom: instead of a short amide chain, it carries a 4-methoxybenzoyl (anisoyl)<\/strong> group \u2014 hence the older name “1-anisoyl-2-pyrrolidinone” found in some early chemical registries.<\/p>\n

From Development Code to First Publication<\/h3>\n

The compound was developed in the Swiss laboratories of Hoffmann-La Roche<\/strong> under the development code Ro 13-5057<\/strong> \u2014 the code itself, present in the title of the first publication, is a standard designation used by this company for compounds at the preclinical research stage. The first indexed description of pharmacological properties in rodent models with impaired memory and learning was published by Cumin and coworkers in 1982 [1]. Two years later, a paper appeared extending the observations to primates, with simultaneous EEG recording [2] \u2014 a sequence typical of this period: first rodents, then species closer to humans, and only later clinical studies.<\/p>\n

Three Independent Research Paths<\/h3>\n

The literature on aniracetam developed in parallel along three, largely independent directions. Japanese research centers \u2014 the group around Nakamura \u2014 built an extensive body of work on aging and impaired laboratory animal models, including the mechanism of antidepressant-like action in aged rats [9]. In parallel, controlled clinical trials using a registered pharmaceutical preparation were conducted in Europe in patients with dementia [5][14], and later \u2014 already in this century \u2014 pharmacokinetic studies in healthy volunteers in China [13]. The third path is AMPA receptor electrophysiology, conducted from the early 1990s to the present on in vitro preparations and animal models [4][6][10][15][16].<\/p>\n

Timeline<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Timeline: origin and development of knowledge about the molecule<\/caption>\n
before 1982<\/th>\ndevelopment of the compound in the Hoffmann-La Roche laboratories (Switzerland) under the code Ro 13-5057<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1982<\/th>\nfirst indexed pharmacological paper in rodents [1]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1985<\/th>\nstudies in primates with EEG recording [2]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1986<\/th>\nmechanism: enhancement of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the guinea pig hippocampus [3]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1991<\/th>\nAMPA receptor mechanism described by the patch-clamp method [4]; in parallel, the first controlled clinical trial in Alzheimer-type dementia using a registered preparation [5]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1992<\/th>\nfurther characterization of the link between LTP and AMPA receptor modification [6]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1995<\/th>\nidentification of specific [3<\/sup>H]aniracetam binding sites in brain membranes [7]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1998<\/th>\nclinical study of combination therapy in geriatric patients with cerebral circulatory disorders and dementia [8]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2001<\/th>\nmechanism of antidepressant-like action in aged laboratory animals [9]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2003<\/th>\ndetailed mechanism of modulation of AMPA receptor desensitization [10]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2007<\/th>\ndevelopment of an LC-MS\/MS method for determination in human plasma [12]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2008<\/th>\npharmacokinetic and bioequivalence study in healthy volunteers [13]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2012<\/th>\ncomparative clinical study of efficacy in patients with cognitive impairment [14]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2023<\/th>\nstudies on the neuroprotective mechanism in an experimental model of ischemic stroke [15]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2026<\/th>\nmost recent paper on the mechanism in a mouse model of attention deficit [16]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Chemistry: A Pyrrolidinone Ring Without a Stereogenic Center<\/h2>\n

Why This Molecule Does Not Require Enantiomer Separation<\/h3>\n

Unlike some other reagents in our catalog, where a sulfur atom or a substituted carbon forms a stereogenic center, aniracetam is an achiral molecule<\/strong>. The three carbons of the pyrrolidinone ring are methylene groups (CH2<\/sub>), and the nitrogen atom in the amide moiety is practically planar due to conjugation with the carbonyl group \u2014 it therefore does not meet the condition of four different substituents required for a stable chirality center. The practical consequence: the material does not require an enantioselective method<\/strong> to confirm identity, unlike compounds from the benzhydryl sulfoxide family, where the total-assay result alone does not resolve the ratio of the R and S forms.<\/p>\n

Physicochemical Characteristics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Computed descriptors and their analytical significance<\/caption>\n
Parameter<\/th>\nValue<\/th>\nWhat this means<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Partition coefficient (XLogP)<\/th>\n\u2248 1.6<\/td>\nmoderate lipophilicity \u2014 elutes in the middle portion of an RP-HPLC gradient<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Topological polar surface area (TPSA)<\/th>\n46.6 \u00c52<\/sup><\/td>\nmoderate; lower than in molecules bearing a sulfoxide group<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hydrogen bond donors<\/th>\n0<\/td>\nno N\u2013H or O\u2013H group capable of donation \u2014 the amide nitrogen is substituted on both sides<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hydrogen bond acceptors<\/th>\n3<\/td>\ntwo carbonyl oxygens and the ether oxygen of the methoxy group<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rotatable bonds<\/th>\n2<\/td>\nlimited conformational freedom \u2014 the bond to the benzoyl ring and the methoxy group<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Heavy atoms<\/th>\n16<\/td>\na small, compact molecule<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Solubility<\/th>\ngood in DMSO, methanol, and acetonitrile; poor in water<\/td>\nprepare stock solutions in an organic solvent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The methoxy group as a reference point in mass spectrometry.<\/strong> The presence of the 4-methoxybenzoyl substituent gives a characteristic fragment ion at m\/z 135 (the 4-methoxybenzoyl cation), useful for confirming identity by LC-MS\/MS regardless of matrix \u2014 such a method for human plasma was developed by Zhang and coworkers [12].<\/p>\n

Nomenclature and Synonyms<\/h2>\n