IDRA-21 is 20 to 30 times more potent than Aniracetam. The issue supports cognitive processes also has its dark side…. in high doses IDRA-21 can exhibit neurotoxic effects!
The IDRA-21 molecule is an allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptor and a benzothiadiazine derivative. It is a chiral molecule in which the active form is (+)-IDRA-21.
IDRA-21 has demonstrated its nootropic properties in animal model studies. It has significantly improved learning ability and memory. Irda-21 is 20 to 30 times more effective compared to aniracetam. It specifically helps reverse cognitive deficits caused by alprazolam (Xanax) or the amnesic effects of scopolamine. It produces long-lasting effects lasting up to 48 hours after assimilating a single dose of the pryparat. The molecule’s mechanism of action is not fully explained. It is concluded that the mechanism of interaction mainly involves the promotion and induction of long-term potentiation between synapses.
IDRA-21 may not cause neurotoxicity under normal conditions. Potentially high doses of pryparat may have neurotoxic effects. This agent should not be sotos in post-stroke patients.
Compared to other ampakines or benzoylpiperidine-derived AMPA receptor enhancers, the IDRA-21 agent was more potent than CX-516, but weaker than CX-546. To date, newer benzothiadiazide derivatives have been developed. They feature enhanced action potential compared to IDRA-21. These measures have not been clinically tested. Studies on IDRA-21 have been discontinued in favor of benzoylpiperidine and benzoylpyrrolidine CX series drugs due to their potential neurotoxicity at high doses.
Attention! The offered IDRA-21 is a substance of bardoz high purity. It is used only for lab tests and must not be consumed in any form. The offered product is sold as a chemical reagent.
Scientific reference from Wikipedia:
Arai AC, Xia YF, Kessler M, Phillips D, Chamberlin R, Granger R, Lynch G (September 2002). “Effects of 5′-alkyl-benzothiadiazides on (R,S)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor biophysics and synaptic responses”. Molecular Pharmacology. 62 (3): 566-77. doi:10.1124/mol.62.3.566. PMID 12181433.
Black MD (April 2005). “Therapeutic potential of positive AMPA modulators and their relationship to AMPA receptor subunits. A review of preclinical data”. Psychopharmacology. 179 (1): 154-63. doi:10.1007/s00213-004-2065-6. PMID 15672275. S2CID 5869366.
Phillips D, Sonnenberg J, Arai AC, Vaswani R, Krutzik PO, Kleisli T, et al. (May 2002). “5′-alkyl-benzothiadiazides: a new subgroup of AMPA receptor modulators with improved affinity”. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 10 (5): 1229-48. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.113.7845. doi:10.1016/S0968-0896(01)00405-9. PMID 11886787.
Nagarajan N, Quast C, Boxall AR, Shahid M, Rosenmund C (November 2001). “Mechanism and impact of allosteric AMPA receptor modulation by the ampakine CX546”. Neuropharmacology. 41 (6): 650-63. doi:10.1016/S0028-3908(01)00133-2. PMID 11640919. S2CID 7796112.
Buccafusco JJ, Weiser T, Winter K, Klinder K, Terry AV (January 2004). “The effects of IDRA 21, a positive modulator of the AMPA receptor, on delayed matching performance by young and aged rhesus monkeys.” Neuropharmacology. 46 (1): 10-22. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2003.07.002. PMID 14654093. S2CID 26443642.
Thompson DM, Guidotti A, DiBella M, Costa E (August 1995). “7-Chloro-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine S,S-dioxide (IDRA 21), a congener of aniracetam, potently abates pharmacologically induced cognitive impairments in patas monkeys”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (17): 7667-71. bibcode:1995PNAS…92.7667T. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.17.7667. PMC 41206. PMID 7644474.
Uzunov DP, Zivkovich I, Pirkle WH, Costa E, Guidotti A (August 1995). “Enantiomeric resolution with a new chiral stationary phase of 7-chloro-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine S,S-dioxide, a cognition-enhancing benzothiadiazine derivative”. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 84 (8): 937-42. doi:10.1002/jps.2600840807. PMID 7500277
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